Used Ford F-150 Buying Guide: Generations, Engines, What to Check

The Ford F-150 has more engine, cab, bed and trim combinations than almost any other vehicle, which makes shopping one used both exciting and confusing. The right truck for you depends as much on the engine under the hood as on the year.

The short answer: For most buyers, the best used F-150s are 2018-2020 trucks with the 5.0-liter V8 or 2.7-liter EcoBoost and the 10-speed automatic, or 2015-2017 trucks with the 2.7-liter or 5.0-liter. The 2021 and newer generation adds the PowerBoost hybrid. Check 2017-2020 3.5-liter EcoBoost trucks for cam phaser rattle and every truck for open recalls.

Key takeaways

• The F-150 switched to an aluminum-alloy body for 2015, which resists rust on body panels but can cost more to repair after a collision.
• The 2.7-liter EcoBoost is the most efficient gas engine in 2018-2020 4WD trucks at 21 mpg combined, and the 2021 and newer PowerBoost hybrid reaches 23 mpg in 4WD form.
• Owners of 2017-2020 3.5-liter EcoBoost trucks have reported cam phaser rattle at cold start; Ford's time-limited coverage program has ended.
• The 2021-2022 2.7-liter and 3.0-liter EcoBoost engines were recalled for intake valves that may break.
• Towing history, frame condition and recall records matter more than mileage alone on a used pickup.

Which F-150 generations should you consider?

Most used shoppers will look at four generations of the F-150. Each changed the engine lineup significantly.

The all-electric F-150 Lightning, introduced for 2022, is a different kind of truck; compare it with our guide to buying a used EV.

What are the EPA fuel economy ratings for used F-150 engines?

Fuel economy varies a lot by engine, drivetrain and axle ratio. These EPA ratings are for 4WD trucks and give a sense of the range.

Rear-drive trucks score a bit higher. Real-world towing mileage will be much lower for every engine.

Which F-150 engine should you buy used?

The best engine depends on how you use the truck. Each has trade-offs in power, fuel economy and long-term complexity.

5.0-liter V8 (2011 and newer): Naturally aspirated and simpler than the turbo engines, the "Coyote" V8 is a favorite for buyers who want fewer components. Fuel economy is lower than the EcoBoost engines.

2.7-liter EcoBoost (2015 and newer): Strong power for its size and the best fuel economy among gas engines. Turbochargers add complexity, and 2021-2022 versions were recalled for intake valves that may break while driving.

3.5-liter EcoBoost (2011 and newer): The most towing capability among the common gas engines, with twin turbos. It's also the engine most associated with reported cam phaser and timing issues, so service records matter.

3.0-liter Power Stroke diesel (2018 and newer): Good highway mileage and torque, but diesel repairs and emissions equipment cost more. It makes most sense for frequent towing and high mileage.

3.5-liter PowerBoost hybrid (2021 and newer): Strong power and the best gas mileage, plus available onboard generator outlets. It adds hybrid components, so look for remaining warranty.

What are common problems on a used F-150?

Most F-150 problems are tied to specific engines or transmissions. Knowing them helps you focus your inspection.

3.5-liter EcoBoost cam phasers (2017-2020)

Owners of 2017-2020 F-150s with the 3.5-liter EcoBoost have reported a metallic rattle lasting a few seconds at cold start, linked to the cam phasers. Ford released a software update and a customer satisfaction program that extended cam phaser coverage for a limited time, as shown in Ford's bulletin filed with NHTSA. That coverage ended at the start of 2023. On these trucks, ask whether cam phasers were replaced and listen carefully on a true cold start.

10-speed transmission shift quality (2017-2020)

Some owners reported harsh or erratic shifting from the 10-speed automatic. Ford issued technical service bulletins addressing shift quality, often involving software updates. On your test drive, watch for clunky downshifts, flares or hesitation, especially at low speeds.

Older 5.4-liter V8 (2004-2010)

The three-valve 5.4-liter V8 is widely reported to have spark plugs that can break during removal and cam phaser problems, often tied to oil change neglect. These trucks are now old, so get a thorough inspection and expect to replace wear parts.

What recalls should you check on a used F-150?

The F-150 has had many recalls, which is partly a function of how many are on the road. Run the VIN through NHTSA's recall lookup. Notable ones from NHTSA's records include:

• Unexpected downshift (2011-2013, 6-speed): The transmission may unexpectedly downshift into first gear.
• Unexpected downshift (2015-2017): A loss of signal from the transmission range sensor can cause an unexpected downshift into second gear.
• Brake master cylinder (2014-2018, 3.5L EcoBoost): Several recalls for brake fluid leaking into the brake booster.
• Door latches (2015-2017): Latches may freeze or cables may be kinked, which can keep doors from latching.
• Intake valves (2021-2022, 2.7L and 3.0L EcoBoost): Valves may break while driving.
• Rear axle hub bolts (2021-2023, Max Trailer Tow): Bolts may fatigue and break.
• Parking brake (2021-2023, single exhaust): A damaged wiring harness could activate the electric parking brake unexpectedly.

Recall repairs are free at any Ford dealer.

What should you check on a used F-150?

Trucks often live hard lives, so inspect the F-150 more thoroughly than you would a car.

1. Cold start: Ask that the truck not be started before you arrive. Listen for cam phaser rattle or timing noise.
2. Frame and underbody: Look for rust on the frame, brake lines and underbody, especially in road-salt states.
3. Towing wear: A worn hitch, heavy-duty wiring and sagging rear suspension suggest heavy towing.
4. Transmission: Drive in town and on the highway, watching for harsh or delayed shifts.
5. 4WD: Engage 4WD high and low on a loose surface and listen for clunks.
6. Aluminum body damage (2015 and newer): Look for uneven panel gaps or paint mismatch that could indicate collision repair.
7. Electronics: Test the infotainment, cameras, power running boards and tailgate features.

An independent pre-purchase inspection is especially worthwhile on a truck. Our used car red flags guide covers signs to walk away.

How does the F-150 compare with the Silverado and Ram?

The F-150, Chevrolet Silverado 1500 and Ram 1500 are close rivals, and all three make good used trucks. The F-150 offers the widest range of engines, including the PowerBoost hybrid. The Ram is known for its ride quality, and the Silverado offers several V8 options. Compare them in our used Chevrolet Silverado buying guide and used Ram 1500 buying guide.

Let the right F-150 come to you

With so many configurations, finding the exact F-150 you want can take weeks. Tell Scout's AI car search something like "F-150 XLT SuperCrew 4x4, 5.0 V8, 2018 or newer, under 80,000 miles," and Scout shows you what it understood before saving the search. You'll get an email when a dealer near you lists a matching truck.

Frequently asked questions

What is the best year for a used Ford F-150?

For most buyers, 2018-2020 trucks with the 5.0-liter V8 or 2.7-liter EcoBoost are a strong choice, combining the updated 10-speed automatic with a proven aluminum-body design. On a lower budget, 2015-2017 trucks with the 2.7-liter or 5.0-liter are good values. Condition and maintenance records matter more than the exact year.

Which F-150 engine is most reliable?

Many buyers favor the 5.0-liter V8 because it is naturally aspirated and has fewer components than the turbocharged EcoBoost engines. The EcoBoost engines offer more power and better fuel economy but add turbos and more complexity. Whatever the engine, regular oil changes and documented maintenance are the best predictors of a good used truck.

What is the F-150 cam phaser problem?

Some 2017-2020 F-150s with the 3.5-liter EcoBoost developed a cam phaser rattle lasting a few seconds at cold start. Ford released a software update and a temporary coverage program, which ended at the start of 2023. Listen on a true cold start and ask whether the phasers were replaced before buying one of these trucks.

Is an aluminum-body F-150 a problem?

The aluminum body, used since 2015, resists body panel rust and saves weight. The trade-off is that collision repairs can cost more and require shops with aluminum repair training. When buying, look for signs of past body work and check that insurance quotes are reasonable for the specific truck.

Is the F-150 PowerBoost hybrid a good used buy?

The PowerBoost, available from 2021, offers strong power, 23 mpg combined in 4WD form and available onboard generator outlets. It's a good choice for buyers who want efficiency and capability. Because it adds hybrid components, prefer trucks with remaining warranty, confirm recalls are done and get a full inspection.